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جاذبه‌های گردشگری Tehran ، Iran

From ancient artefacts to modern art, Qurans to carpets, Tehran is home to the best of Iran's museums and galleries. And though it doesn't have the long, illustrious history of Isfahan or Shiraz, Tehran is where to discover more about Iran's 20th century upheavals, from the tarnished grandeur of the Pahlavi palaces to the countless fading murals in praise of Khomeini and the Iraq War martyrs.
But history also demands that life goes on. As Tehran's wealthy increasingly look west for cultural leads, ever-widening cultural divisions make walking the city streets a study in social distinctions.
Western brands stamp their mark on the wealthy north of the city with increasing swagger, while, in the south, the impressive, labyrinthine Bazar-e Bozorg (Big Bazaar) continues to heave in and dish out vast quantities of gold, silver, spices, carpets, textiles and Chinese-made consumer goods of dubious quality. Uptown girls let their headscarves drift back over boutique hairdos - a petty but pertinent sign that Islamic restrictions are not to everyone's taste. At the same time chador-wearing women make their own unmistakable statement.
Be sure though to take a Friday walk in Tehran's northern suburbs, where paths leading into the mountains are trod by one and all. In Darakeh, the sense of relief is tangible as Tehranis kick off their shoes to cool hiked-out feet in the cold mountain stream. At Tochal the cable car takes skiers to pistes no more than 30 minutes away from the centre of town.

Azadi Tower
This distinctively shaped arch is situated in the western part of Tehran near Mehrabat International Airport.
The word Azadi means national independence and it was completed in 1971 for the celebrations given by Mohammad Reza Shah to commemorate 2,500 years of Iranian Kings.
The 3 floor, 45m high monument is constructed from large 25,000 granite blocks from Hamedan province. Almost 15,000 differently shaped blocks were used to create the unique shape of the Azadi Tower.
Though modern in style, the design incorporates both pre and post-Islamic architectural styles. The 21m high archway is representative of the pre-Islamic Sassanid period while it is also pointed to represent hands raised in prayer.
Four elevators and two staircases (286 stairs) take you to the top of the tower from where you can see extensive views of Tehran. In the basement is a museum divided into two rooms.
The first contains pottery and glassware from prehistoric through to Islamic Iran as well as bronze artefacts dating back to the 1st and 2nd centuries BC excavated from Lurestan. The second room contains photographs and models depicted traditional life from different parts of Iran.

National Jewels Museum
Located in the basement of the National Bank of Iran on Ferdosi Avenue, in front of the embassies of Germany and Turkey, this is one of the best known museums in Iran. On display is an impressive collection of some of the most famous and spectacular jewels in the world including many priceless pieces.
Many pieces have disappeared over the years but the remaining collection of gemstones, jewellery, royal emblems, ornamental guns and jewel-encrusted furniture is still impressive. The majority of the items on display were given to Safavid kings as gifts but many pieces taken by Nader Shah on his conquest of India are also exhibited. These include the Darya-e Nur diamond, The Peacock Throne and the Jeweled Globe. Other pieces include the crowns of the Qajar and Pahlavi Kings.

Statue, National Museum of Iran, Tehran
Opened in 1937, the National Museum was Iran's very first museum. To this day it houses Irans foremost collection of archaeological and cultural treasures. The main entrance is on Tir Street but it can also be entered from Shahid ra Jai Street.
The museum was designed (and until 1960, also curated) by the French archaeologist and architect Andre Godard. The two-floor building was built to resemble the palace of Ardeshir I in Firuzabad and the red brick entranceway and dome are reminiscent of the Sassanid and Arsakid styles.
The main building houses a collection of artefacts from prehistoric Iran to the end of the Sassanid period, including pottery dating from before 1000BC, Elamite artefacts discovered at Susa and Chogha Zambil and a wealth of Achaemenid period decorations from Persepolis. A copy of the stela carved with Hammurabi's Laws serves as a reminder that the original, now in the Louvre, was discovered in Iran.
An extension built in 1997 houses treasures from the early years of the Islamic era to the present. At the heart of the collection are handwritten copies of the Holy Quran displayed in an atmosphere of quiet reverence and spirituality along with other complementary elements of a mosque, such as an altar prayer chamber.
Other handwritten books include the poetic works of Ferdowsi, Nezami Sadi and Hafez. The uppers floors of the building chart the flourishing of Iranian art in fields such as pottery, glassware, miniature painting, carpets, metal engravings and calligraphy.

The Golestan Palace in Tehran
Located on Khordad Square, the Golestan Palace ("Palace of Flowers") is a collection of buildings set in a walled park veined with canals rushing down from the Tochal mountains. It stands on the site of the historic Arg (citadel) of Tehran which was originally built in the time of Shah Abbas (r. 1588-1629) of the Safavid dynasty.
The Arg became the official royal residence when Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar moved the capital of Iran to Tehran and further palace buildings were constructed during the reign of Karim Khan Zand (r. 1750-1779). Buildings commissioned by Naser Al-din Shah (r. 1848-1896), such as the Shams-ol-Emaneh ("Edifice of the Sun") and the Emarat-e Badgir ("Building of the Wind Towers") show traces of a European architectural style that the modernising king was influenced by on his travels.
The splendour of the interiors of many of the buildings evokes a time when foreign dignitaries were invited to the Qajar court and compared its artistry to the royal buildings of Europe. Both the Eyvan-e Takht-e Marmar ("Terrace of the Marble Throne") and the Talar-e Aineh ("Hall of Mirrors") are famous for the spectacular mirror work that covers their walls.
Elsewhere can be seen fine examples of Iranian stained glass, mosaic tiles and painting. Several buildings house collections of paintings and gifts given to Qajar kings by European dignitaries as well as paintings by Iranian masters.
Though not all of the buildings are open to the public, the park itself is an oasis of calm in the heart of the city.
Jomeh Bazaar (Friday Market)
Tehran's Jomeh Bazaar (Friday Market) has a huge variety of bric-a-brac on display. The Friday Market is held on three floors of a multi-storey car park in central Tehran, on the east side of Joumbouri Avenue. The flea market is open every Friday from around 9am to 4pm.

Tree of Life Motif Carpet, Carpet Museum, Tehran
Not far from the Museum of Contemporary Art and also adjacent to Laleh Park, the Carpet Museum of Iran is one of the most rewarding to visit of Tehran's many museums. Most of the more than 100 carpets on display are from the 19th or 20th centuries but there are a handful of older specimens from as far back as the 16th century.
Photography is permitted though use of flash is not. Hunting and wildlife scenes show off the carpet makers art to the greatest extent.
Corner of Fatemi Street and Kargar Avenue; Admission fee
Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art - Laleh Park
On the west side the very lovely Laleh Park is a low-lying dun-brick building functioning as Tehran's most important museum of contemporary art.

Exhibit at the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art
In the construction itself you see something of the struggle in all Iranian art to reconcile the traditional with the modern. First notice the skylights raised from the roof. Reminiscent of the "badgirs" of Yazd or Kashan, these allow the harsh sun to softly light the central sunken well of inner space itself a modern interpretation of the cool underground havens of desert city residences.
Labyrinthine corridors spin off the central hall and guide you through the history of modern Iranian art. There are many fine pieces and some deep, absurdly comfortable armchairs from which to view them from.
Kargar Avenue; Admission fee
Reza Abbasi Museum - Shariati street
Saad Abad Palace Complex
Niavaran Palace Museum

Accommodation in Tehran
Tehran, as befits the capital of Iran is well served with accommodation options to suit all budgets from five star luxury properties to more budget small hotels.
Top of the range four and five hotels in Tehran include the Espinas Hotel, the Tehran Grand Hotel, with spa, sauna and in-house restaurant, the Ferdowsi International Grand Hotel offering flat-screen TV in all rooms and a restaurant, the Asareh Hotel with fitness center, sauna and free Wifi throughout and the Melal Apartment Hotel. The Tajmahal Hotel Tehran is another five star option with a fitness center, sauna, satellite TV and restaurant.
More budget hotels include the Iran Motel (breakfast included), the Sepand Hotel with airport shuttle, and the three star Karoon Hotel. The Hally Hotel is a 3 star business hotel with continental or buffet breakfast.

جاذبه‌های توریستی کشور Iran

As the birthplace of one of the world's oldest civilisations and possessing a fascinating history that spans thousands of years it's no small wonder that Iran boasts a clutch of important UNESCO World Heritage Sites throughout the country.
Among the most spectacular that are waiting to be discovered by you are:

#1: Persepolis, Shiraz
Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the First Persian Empire until it was burned to the ground by Alexander the Great of Greece in the third century BC. Today, the ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site that provide a fascinating glimpse into the ancient past. The archaeological ensemble is located at the foot of the Mountain of Mercy (Kuh-e Rahmat) in south western Iran and encompasses the remains of palaces, monumental stairways, tombs, pillars, the Throne Hall and much more.

#2: Meidan Emam, Isfahan
Meidan Emam is one of Iran’s most tourist attractions as it presents an impressive testimony of the social and cultural life in the country during the Safavid era. At the same time, it showcases exceptional Iranian and Islamic architecture, being one of the world’s largest city squares.


#3: Takht-E-Soleyman , North Western Iran
Takht-E-Soleiman is the main site of the Zoroastrianism. It is an archaeological ensemble with symbolic and spiritual significance related to fire and water. This unique compound includes a range of structures from pre-Islam to post-Islam eras.

#4: Tchogha Zanbil, Khuzestan province
Tchogha Zanbil dates back to 1250 BC. It is where you will find the ruins of the holy city of kingdom of Elam. it was invaded by Ashurbanipal, and remained unfinished after the invasion, as manifested by thousands of bricks left unused that can be found at the site.

#5: Pasargadae
The first capital city of the first dynastic Persian Empire is one of the most famous sights in Iran. This ancient attraction was founded in the 6th century BC and is spread over 160 hectares (395 acres). Magnificent structures have survived to the present day and include several palaces and the limestone tomb that once held Cyrus the Great's sarcophagus.

#6: Bam
Bam is an ancient citadel on the southern edge of the Iranian high plateau. Although much of it was reduced to rubble during a major earthquake in 2003, it has been restored to its former glory thanks to extensive reconstruction programmes. The historical site contains a fortified residential area, the governor’s quarters and an underground water supplement system.


#7: Shushtar Waterfalls
An engineering marvel from the 5th century BC, the Shushtar Waterfalls is an ancient hydraulic system that consists of waterfalls, dams, tunnels, bridges, basins and mills. One of the canals still supplies water to the city of Shushtar.


#8: Bisotun
See compelling history carved in stone when you visit Bisotun. The principal attraction is a towering 15-metre (49-feet) high bas-relief that portrays Darius the Great and features cuneiform inscriptions in three languages. It was created on the orders of the Persian king in 521 BC.

#9: Soltaniyeh
Located in the city of Soltaniyeh in northwest Iran is a mesmerising example of Persian architecture, the mausoleum of Oljaytu who was the eighth Ilkhanid ruler. This early 14th-century masterpiece is an octagonal building surrounded by minarets and crowned by a 50-metre (164-feet) tall turquoise dome.

#10: Armenian Monastic Ensembles
The stunning Armenian Monastic Ensembles is a collection of three monastic ensembles of the Armenian Christian faith.
They are the St. Thaddeus Monastery, the Saint Stepanoz Monastery, and the Chapel of Dzordzor and they were established between the 7th and 14th centuries.
These religious buildings are located in northwest Iran and enchant visitors with their Armenian architectural splendour.


10 Must-See Iran Tourist Attractions
Rich in history, culture and nature Iran has so much to see, do and experience.
In fact, there are far too many attractions to list here, but we think the following are among the best to put on your travel itinerary.

#1: Nasir al-Mulk Mosque, Shiraz
This 19th-century mosque is a riot of vibrant colours with painted arches and niches, rose-coloured tiles and an assortment of stained glass windows. It is a captivating sight, particularly when the interior is pierced by shafts of early morning sunlight.


#2: Soffeh Park, Isfahan
Just outside of Isfahan is the arresting sight of Mount Soffeh. The mountain and its surrounding hills have been transformed into a park that covers more than 100 hectares (247 acres). Visitors can enjoy a range of attractions and recreational facilities in addition to the open spaces. They include a small zoo and a cable car ride.

#3. Eram Garden in Shiraz
The Eram garden (Garden of Paradise) in Shiraz city is a typical of Persia. The waterway leads towards the historic Qavam house. It is also popular for its tall cypress trees, stunning sceneries and a wide variety flowers and trees. The Shiraz University manages the Eram gardens and you can easily go to the place by taking a shuttle taxi going along Zand towards the university.


#4: Golestan Palace, Tehran
A sumptuous palace from the Qajar era located in the city's historical centre. This walled palace is one of the oldest buildings in Tehran and was once the seat of government of the powerful Qajar family. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that encompasses halls, palaces and museums.


#5: Niavaran Palace and Museum Complex, Tehran
The former home of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his family is a sprawling complex set in beautifully landscaped gardens. This historical site in the northern part of Tehran features imposing palace buildings and several museums including one dedicated to automobiles.

#6: Museum of Contemporary Art, Tehran (also known as TMoCA).
Inside an impressive modern building is a collection of more than 3,000 works of art making TMoCA one of the largest art museums in the country. Its galleries are filled with paintings, prints and sculptures by 19th and 20th-century European and American greats such as Pablo Picasso, Jackson Pollock, Francis Bacon, Henry Moore and Vincent van Gogh.

#7: Yazd Traditional Bazaar, Yazd
Go shopping in one of the oldest traditional bazaars in the world where some of the labyrinthine alleyways date back to the 9th century. Within the narrow walls and under dome-like arches are stores selling an eye-popping mix of textiles, gold, silks, hand-woven fabrics and much more.

#8: Kashan Grand Bazaar, Kashan
Since the 13th century, shoppers have been enticed to purchase the wares of the old bazaar in the centre of Kashan. It extends for several miles and is also noteworthy for its architectural features such as high vaults, intricate ornamentation and the grand light well of the Timche-ye Amin od-Dowleh section. Among the items on sale are carpets, copper vessels and hand-woven Zilu.


#9: Aqa Bozorg Mosque, Kashan
The Aqa Bozorg Mosque is one of the most attractive religious complexes in Kashan. It dates back to the 18th century and dazzles with its architectural beauty. Ornate minarets, a brick built dome and beautiful decorative tiling are just some of the many attractive features.

#10: Skiing in Iran
If you're a powder hound with a love of high octane thrills on adrenalin-pumping slopes then Iran should take pole position on your global vacation itinerary. Huge snowfalls and vast swathes of untouched, virgin snow make the mountainous country a powder paradise, a winter playground with an extensive back country that's ripe for adventure.
What's more, the pastime is cheap. The average price for a day pass that gives you unlimited access to the runs, slopes and pistes is around $20.
The country boasts a number of great ski resorts but three of the most popular are Dizin, Shemshak and Darbandsar.


Dizin
Located in the Alborz Mountains is Iran's premier ski resort, and it's about a one-hour drive north of Tehran. There are 470 hectares (1,161 acres) of skiable terrain, the average snow depth is between 2 metres (6.5 feet) and 6 metres (20 feet) and the season extends from late November until the end of May.

Shemshak
Another ski resort also located in the Alborz Mountains at an altitude of between 2,550 metres (8,366 feet) and 3,050 metres (10,006 feet). There is one black run, two red runs and one green run, and the season is from December to April.

Darbandsar
Located in the Elborz Mountains on the slopes of Mount Seechal, about 60 kilometres (37 miles) north of Tehran. The skiing season lasts from December to April and among the activities on offer here are cross-country skiing, off-piste skiing, snowboarding, ice climbing and ski mountaineering.
So head up into the mountains, step into your skis and go, go, go!

Off the Beaten Track Activities
For those who want to get off the beaten path, there are many more intriguing places and cool attractions waiting to be discovered in Tehran and throughout the country. For example, in the capital city, there are plenty of trendy cafés that are favourites with locals and visitors alike, serving western and traditional foods. Among them are Saboos Bakery Café which is well known for its waffles and pancakes and a decor that is enriched with paintings by local artists. Then there's Chum Café’s crepes and the hearty Persian breakfasts of the Luna Lounge Café.
For culture vultures, there are the art exhibitions of the Pejman Foundation's Argo Factory. This non-profit cultural institution is housed in a 1920s building that used to be a drinks factory.
If you want to explore places beyond Tehran head to Garmeh village, on the edge of the country's Central Desert. Drive into sand dunes on a 4 x 4 safari and stay at Ateshooni guesthouse, a beautifully decorated 300-year-old home.
If it is nature you seek, Iran is a showcase of some of the most amazing sights that Mother Nature has created. Explore them on eco-friendly tours organised by the safari experts at Ro Nature. Some of the places you may want to explore are the mega-deserts of Lut, the Alborz Mountains and the Hyrcanian forest by the Caspian Sea.

Iran Dress Code
Iran does not have a strict dress code for foreigners but as a guest of the country, you are required to follow cultural expectations on dress/clothing.
It is necessary for women to wear long loose-fitting clothes that disguise their figures such as trousers or a floor length skirt and a long-sleeved coat or tunic. Legs and arms should not be bare. Provided the clothes are not skin tight and your body is covered from head to toe except hands and feet you shouldn't go wrong. Hair must always be covered in public places. Don't worry if your headscarf slips, which is quite common or if you forget it when outside of your hotel or apartment. You will not be fined or carted away to jail. Most likely someone will give you a gentle and friendly reminder.
Men should wear long trousers and long-sleeved shirts. Shorts are not acceptable in public places, but t-shirts are.

What to Wear According to the Season
So what should go in your suitcase? That all depends on the time of year.
If you are coming to Iran in the summer or spring, you should pack jeans, shirts, light jackets and comfortable shoes.
If you are there during the winter which can get very cold, bring warm sweaters and cardigans, long woollen socks, a winter jacket, gloves, ear muffs and a good pair of waterproof boots.